Global governance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): sectors, actors and frames
Human health | Animal health | Food system | Environment | Development | Trade and IP | Security | |
IOs | WHO | OIE | FAO | UNEP | UNDP | WTO, WIPO | UN Security Council |
National actors | Ministry of Health | Ministry of Agriculture | Ministry of Health/ Agriculture | Ministry of Environment | Bilateral development agencies | Ministry of Trade | Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
Main concern | Health impact of AMR on human health | Health impact of AMR on animal health | Transmission of AMR through food systems | Consequences of AMR on the environment | AMR as an obstacle to development | Market failure and lack of access to antibiotics | AMR as threat to the stability of social systems |
Strategies | Conservation | Conservation | Conservation, containment | Conservation | Access | Innovation | Surveillance and containment |
Frames | Healthcare and One Health | One Health | One Health | One Health and development | Development | Innovation | Security |
FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization; IP, intellectual property; IOs, International Organizations; OIE, Organization for Animal Health; UNEP, United Nations Environment Programme; UNDP, United Nations Development Programme; WIPO, World Intellectual Property Organization; WTO, World Trade Organization.