Treatment groups | |||
---|---|---|---|
A-HPF (n=301) | RUTF-C (n=298) | RUTF-L (n=307) | |
Age at enrolment, mean (SD) | 25.7 (14.1) | 24.7 (13.9) | 25.7 (14.0) |
Males | 166 (55.2) | 181 (60.7) | 178 (58.0) |
Weight-for-height Z-score, mean (SD) | −3.5 (0.5) | −3.5 (0.4) | −3.4 (0.4) |
<−3 to ≥−4 | 266 (88.4) | 267 (89.6) | 282 (91.9) |
<−4 | 35 (11.6) | 31 (10.4) | 25 (8.1) |
Height-for-age Z-score: mean (SD) | −3.0 (1.3) | −2.9 (1.2) | −3.1 (1.4) |
≥−2 | 75 (24.9) | 68 (22.8) | 67 (21.8) |
<−2 to ≥3 | 83 (27.6) | 94 (31.5) | 87 (28.3) |
<−3 to ≥−4 | 84 (27.9) | 82 (27.5) | 90 (29.3) |
<−4 | 59 (19.6) | 54 (18.1) | 63 (20.5) |
Mid-upper arm circumference: mean (SD) (cm) | 11.8 (0.8) | 11.8 (0.8) | 11.8 (0.8) |
<11.5 | 76 (25.3) | 72 (24.2) | 76 (24.8) |
11.5 to 12.4 | 164 (54.5) | 163 (54.7) | 159 (51.8) |
12.5 to 13.0 | 61 (20.3) | 63 (21.1) | 72 (23.5) |
Fever/diarrhoea/cough or fast breathing) in previous 2 weeks | 159 (52.8) | 162 (54.4) | 166 (54.1) |
Mother's age, mean (SD) | 27.1 (5.6) | 27.7 (5.8) | 27.4 (4.9) |
Mother's BMI<18.5 kg/m2* | 134 (47.9) | 135 (48.0) | 151 (51.7) |
Mother never been to school | 117 (38.9) | 116 (38.9) | 136 (44.3) |
Mother's years of schooling, median (IQR) | 5 (0–9) | 5 (0–10) | 5 (0–8) |
Father never been to school | 59 (19.6) | 66 (22.1) | 69 (22.5) |
Father's years of schooling, median (IQR) | 7 (3–10) | 8 (3–10) | 7 (2–10) |
Religion of head of family | |||
Hindu | 242 (80.4) | 246 (82.6) | 248 (80.9) |
Muslim | 54 (17.9) | 44 (14.8) | 39 (12.7) |
Other | 5 (1.7) | 8 (2.7) | 20 (6.5) |
Caste (social class) of head of family | |||
Schedule caste/schedule tribe (most disadvantaged) | 141 (46.8) | 134 (45.0) | 158 (51.5) |
Other backward class (intermediate) | 101 (33.6) | 104 (34.9) | 86 (28.0) |
Other caste (higher class) | 59 (19.3) | 60 (19.9) | 63 (19.7) |
Persons residing in the house, mean (SD) | 5.9 (2.4) | 5.7 (2.5) | 5.9 (2.4) |
Piped water | 55 (18.3) | 51 (17.1) | 57 (18.6) |
Flush toilet within the house | 145 (48.2) | 150 (50.3) | 151 (49.2) |
Facility delivery | 204 (67.8) | 222 (74.5) | 204 (66.4) |
Family with below poverty line card | 97 (32.2) | 100 (33.6) | 105 (34.2) |
Family structure, nuclear† | 175 (58.1) | 196 (65.8) | 189 (61.6) |
All values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
*BMI values not available for 53 mothers: A-HPF (n=21), RUTF-C (n=17), RUTF-L (n=15).
†Pair of adults living with their children.
A-HPF, micronutrient-enriched (augmented) energy-dense home-prepared foods; BMI, body mass index; RUTF-C, centrally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food; RUTF-L, locally prepared ready-to-use therapeutic food.