Table 2

Study sites: operational characteristics and common features of HIV service scale up

Demographic features	Health centre 1	Health centre 2	Health centre 3	Health centre 4
Designation	Urban	Rural	Urban	Peri-Urban
Official catchment population*	62 579	15 000	101 972	43 850
Service departments	OPD, MCH, TB, ART, laboratory, EH	OPD, MCH, TB, ART, IPD, laboratory, LABOUR, EH	OPD, MCH,TB, ART, laboratory, EH	OPD, MCH, TB, ART, IPD, laboratory, LABOUR, EH
Professional staff*	41	5	46	22
Lay staff*^,†	29	5	46	12
Common features of ART clinic establishment (c. 2005–2008)	New stand-alone building for ART clinic in three sites (HC1, HC3, HC4) Externally funded/supported supply chain and laboratory services Recruitment and training of adult and paediatric peer educators/establishment of peer support groups NGO funded/run in-service training for select professional staff Donor-funded ‘overtime’ payments for professional staff (HC1, HC3, HC4) NGO-supported quality assurance systems Electronic medical records in three sites (HC1, HC3, HC4); ART specific stationary at all sites
Common features of ART clinic scale-up and transition (c. 2009–2011)	Extension of HIV in-service training to all professional staff Removal of donor-funded overtime payments (HC1, HC3, HC4) Formal inclusion of ART clinic services in routine duties of all professional staff Scale-back in NGO support for lay personnel (including peer educators and defaulter tracing) Scale-back in NGO support for quality assurance programmes Externally funded, but MOH-managed HIV supply chain

*At the time of study.
^†Includes paid or stipendiary lay staff with formal terms of reference; does not include ad hoc voluntary lay staff.
ART, antiretroviral therapy clinic; EH, environmental health department; IPD, inpatient department; Labour, labour ward; MCH, maternal and child health department; NGO, non-governmental organisation; OPD, outpatient department; TB, tuberculosis treatment department.