Medicines commonly used in paediatric endocrinology and diabetes included in the WHO EML for children, for adults and in the national EMLs
| WHO | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| List of medicines for paediatric endocrinology and diabetes | Child | Adult | National lists (%)* |
| Adrenal | |||
| HCT, PDN or PNL (PO) | x (HCT, PNL) | x (HCT, PNL) | 100 |
| Dexamethasone (PO) | x | x | 76 |
| Fludrocortisone (PO) | x | x | 48 |
| HCT (IV, IM) | x | x | 96 |
| Thyroid | |||
| L-thyroxine (PO) | x | x | 100 |
| PTU or methimazole or carbimazole (PO) | x (PTU) | x (PTU) | 100 |
| β Blocker (PO) | x | x | 100 |
| Diabetes | |||
| Insulin short-acting (human and/or analogues) (SQ) | x (H) | x (H) | 100 |
| Insulin long-acting (human and/or analogues) (SQ) | x (H) | x (H) | 96 |
| Premixed insulin (SQ) | 36 | ||
| Glucagon (SQ, IM) | x | x | 48 |
| Metformin (PO) | x | x | 100 |
| Sulfonylurea (PO) | x | 40 | |
| Water metabolism | |||
| Vasopressin analogues (SC, IV) | 28 | ||
| Desmopressin acetate (NS, IN, SL, PO, IV) | x (NS, IV) | x (NS, IV) | 72 |
| Gonads | |||
| GnRH agonists (IM) | 52 | ||
| Testosterone (PO, transdermal, topical gel, IM) | x | 64 | |
| Medroxyprogesterone (PO) | x | 64 | |
| Oestrogen (17-β oestradiol or ethinyloestradiol or conjugated oestrogens) (PO) | 88 | ||
| Oral contraceptives (ethinyloestradiol and progestin) (PO) | x | 96 | |
| IM contraceptives (medroxyprogesterone or other progestin) (IM) | x | 88 | |
| Bone/calcium | |||
| Calcitriol/1 α vitamin D3 (PO) | 52 | ||
| Vitamin D2/D3 (PO) | x | x | 60 |
| Bisphosphonates (PO or IV)† | 68 | ||
| Hypoglycaemia | |||
| Diazoxide (PO) | 16 | ||
| Somatostatin (SQ) | 52 | ||
| Growth | |||
| Growth hormone (SQ) | 20 | ||
*Per cent of countries including this category of medicines.
†Bisphosphonates include: alendronate and risedronate (PO) and ibandronate, pamidronate and zoledronate (IV).
EML, Model List of Essential Medicines; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; H, human insulin; HCT, hydrocortisone; IM, intramuscular; IN, intranasal solution; IV, intravenous; NS, nasal spray; PDN, prednisone; PNL, prednisolone; PO, per orally; PTU, propylthiouracil; SL, sublingual; SQ, subcutaneous.