RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 All-cause and COVID-19 mortality in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic JF BMJ Global Health JO BMJ Global Health FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP e012291 DO 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012291 VO 8 IS 5 A1 Asma A AlNuaimi A1 Hiam Chemaitelly A1 Sandy Semaan A1 Sawsan AlMukdad A1 Zaina Al-Kanaani A1 Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal A1 Ali Nizar Latif A1 Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi A1 Adeel A Butt A1 Mohamed H Al-Thani A1 Roberto Bertollini A1 Mariam AbdulMalik A1 Abdullatif Al-Khal A1 Laith J Abu-Raddad YR 2023 UL http://gh.bmj.com/content/8/5/e012291.abstract AB Objective To investigate all-cause mortality, COVID-19 mortality and all-cause non-COVID-19 mortality in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods A national, retrospective cohort analysis and national, matched, retrospective cohort studies were conducted between 5 February 2020 and 19 September 2022.Results There were 5025 deaths during a follow-up time of 5 247 220 person-years, of which 675 were COVID-19 related. Incidence rates were 0.96 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.98) per 1000 person-years for all-cause mortality, 0.13 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.14) per 1000 person-years for COVID-19 mortality and 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.85) per 1000 person-years for all-cause non-COVID-19 mortality. Adjusted HR, comparing all-cause non-COVID-19 mortality relative to Qataris, was lowest for Indians at 0.38 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.44), highest for Filipinos at 0.56 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.69) and was 0.51 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.58) for craft and manual workers (CMWs). Adjusted HR, comparing COVID-19 mortality relative to Qataris, was lowest for Indians at 1.54 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.44), highest for Nepalese at 5.34 (95% CI 1.56 to 18.34) and was 1.86 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.60) for CMWs. Incidence rate of all-cause mortality for each nationality group was lower than the crude death rate in the country of origin.Conclusions Risk of non-COVID-19 death was low and was lowest among CMWs, perhaps reflecting the healthy worker effect. Risk of COVID-19 death was also low, but was highest among CMWs, largely reflecting higher exposure during first epidemic wave, before advent of effective COVID-19 treatments and vaccines.Data may be obtained from a third party and are not publicly available. The data set of this study is a property of the Qatar Ministry of Public Health that was provided to the researchers through a restricted access agreement that prevents sharing the data set with a third party or publicly. The data are available under restricted access for preservation of confidentiality of patient data. Access can be obtained through a direct application for data access to Her Excellency, Minister of Public Health (https://www.moph.gov.qa/english/OurServices/eservices/Pages/Governmental-HealthCommunication-Center.aspx). The raw data are protected and are not available due to data privacy laws. Aggregate data are available within the paper and its supplementary information.