RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Epidemiological comparison of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, February 2020–April 2021
JF BMJ Global Health
JO BMJ Global Health
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
SP e007076
DO 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007076
VO 6
IS 11
A1 Akande, Oluwatosin Wuraola
A1 Elimian, Kelly Osezele
A1 Igumbor, Ehimario
A1 Dunkwu, Lauryn
A1 Kaduru, Chijioke
A1 Olopha, Olubunmi Omowunmi
A1 Ohanu, Dabri Olohije
A1 Nwozor, Lilian
A1 Agogo, Emmanuel
A1 Aruna, Olusola
A1 Balogun, Muhammad Shakir
A1 Aderinola, Olaolu
A1 Ahumibe, Anthony
A1 Arinze, Chinedu
A1 Badaru, Sikiru Olanrewaju
A1 Nwachukwu, William
A1 Dada, Augustine Olajide
A1 Erameh, Cyril
A1 Hamza, Khadeejah
A1 Mohammed, Tarik Benjamin
A1 Ndodo, Nnaemeka
A1 Obiekea, Celestina
A1 Ofoegbunam, Chinenye
A1 Ogunbode, Oladipo
A1 Ohonsi, Cornelius
A1 Tobin, Ekaete Alice
A1 Yashe, Rimamdeyati
A1 Adekaiyaoja, Afolabi
A1 Asuzu, Michael C.
A1 Audu, Rosemary Ajuma
A1 Bello, Muhammad Bashir
A1 Bello, Shaibu Oricha
A1 Deeni, Yusuf Yahaya
A1 Disu, Yahya
A1 Joseph, Gbenga
A1 Ezeokafor, Chidiebere
A1 Habib, Zaiyad Garba
A1 Ibeh, Christian
A1 Ike, Ifeanyi Franklin
A1 Iwara, Emem
A1 Luka-Lawal, Rejoice Kudirat
A1 Namara, Geoffrey
A1 Okwor, Tochi
A1 Olajide, Lois
A1 Ilesanmi, Oluwafunke Olufemi
A1 Omonigho, Solomon
A1 Oyiri, Ferdinand
A1 Takpa, Koubagnine
A1 Ugbogulu, Nkem Usha
A1 Ibekwe, Priscilla
A1 Oladejo, John
A1 Ilori, Elsie
A1 Ochu, Chinwe Lucia
A1 Ihekweazu, Chikwe
YR 2021
UL http://gh.bmj.com/content/6/11/e007076.abstract
AB Background With reports of surges in COVID-19 case numbers across over 50 countries, country-level epidemiological analysis is required to inform context-appropriate response strategies for containment and mitigation of the outbreak. We aimed to compare the epidemiological features of the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Nigeria.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System data of the first and second epidemiological waves, which were between 27 February and 24 October 2020, and 25 October 2020 to 3 April 2021, respectively. Descriptive statistical measures including frequencies and percentages, test positivity rate (TPR), cumulative incidence (CI) and case fatality rates (CFRs) were compared. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were carried out in STATA V.13.Results There were 802 143 tests recorded during the study period (362 550 and 439 593 in the first and second waves, respectively). Of these, 66 121 (18.2%) and 91 644 (20.8%) tested positive in the first and second waves, respectively. There was a 21.3% increase in the number of tests conducted in the second wave with TPR increasing by 14.3%. CI during the first and second waves were 30.3/100 000 and 42.0/100 000 respectively. During the second wave, confirmed COVID-19 cases increased among females and people 30 years old or younger and decreased among urban residents and individuals with travel history within 14 days of sample collection (p value <0.001). Most confirmed cases were asymptomatic at diagnosis during both waves: 74.9% in the first wave; 79.7% in the second wave. CFR decreased during the second wave (0.7%) compared with the first wave (1.8%).Conclusion Nigeria experienced a larger but less severe second wave of COVID-19. Continued implementation of public health and social measures is needed to mitigate the resurgence of another wave.Data are available on reasonable request. Data may be made available on request, subject to compliance with the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) data sharing policy.