PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Akande, Oluwatosin Wuraola
AU  - Elimian, Kelly Osezele
AU  - Igumbor, Ehimario
AU  - Dunkwu, Lauryn
AU  - Kaduru, Chijioke
AU  - Olopha, Olubunmi Omowunmi
AU  - Ohanu, Dabri Olohije
AU  - Nwozor, Lilian
AU  - Agogo, Emmanuel
AU  - Aruna, Olusola
AU  - Balogun, Muhammad Shakir
AU  - Aderinola, Olaolu
AU  - Ahumibe, Anthony
AU  - Arinze, Chinedu
AU  - Badaru, Sikiru Olanrewaju
AU  - Nwachukwu, William
AU  - Dada, Augustine Olajide
AU  - Erameh, Cyril
AU  - Hamza, Khadeejah
AU  - Mohammed, Tarik Benjamin
AU  - Ndodo, Nnaemeka
AU  - Obiekea, Celestina
AU  - Ofoegbunam, Chinenye
AU  - Ogunbode, Oladipo
AU  - Ohonsi, Cornelius
AU  - Tobin, Ekaete Alice
AU  - Yashe, Rimamdeyati
AU  - Adekaiyaoja, Afolabi
AU  - Asuzu, Michael C.
AU  - Audu, Rosemary Ajuma
AU  - Bello, Muhammad Bashir
AU  - Bello, Shaibu Oricha
AU  - Deeni, Yusuf Yahaya
AU  - Disu, Yahya
AU  - Joseph, Gbenga
AU  - Ezeokafor, Chidiebere
AU  - Habib, Zaiyad Garba
AU  - Ibeh, Christian
AU  - Ike, Ifeanyi Franklin
AU  - Iwara, Emem
AU  - Luka-Lawal, Rejoice Kudirat
AU  - Namara, Geoffrey
AU  - Okwor, Tochi
AU  - Olajide, Lois
AU  - Ilesanmi, Oluwafunke Olufemi
AU  - Omonigho, Solomon
AU  - Oyiri, Ferdinand
AU  - Takpa, Koubagnine
AU  - Ugbogulu, Nkem Usha
AU  - Ibekwe, Priscilla
AU  - Oladejo, John
AU  - Ilori, Elsie
AU  - Ochu, Chinwe Lucia
AU  - Ihekweazu, Chikwe
TI  - Epidemiological comparison of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, February 2020–April 2021
AID  - 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007076
DP  - 2021 Nov 01
TA  - BMJ Global Health
PG  - e007076
VI  - 6
IP  - 11
4099  - http://gh.bmj.com/content/6/11/e007076.short
4100  - http://gh.bmj.com/content/6/11/e007076.full
SO  - BMJ Global Health2021 Nov 01; 6
AB  - Background With reports of surges in COVID-19 case numbers across over 50 countries, country-level epidemiological analysis is required to inform context-appropriate response strategies for containment and mitigation of the outbreak. We aimed to compare the epidemiological features of the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Nigeria.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System data of the first and second epidemiological waves, which were between 27 February and 24 October 2020, and 25 October 2020 to 3 April 2021, respectively. Descriptive statistical measures including frequencies and percentages, test positivity rate (TPR), cumulative incidence (CI) and case fatality rates (CFRs) were compared. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were carried out in STATA V.13.Results There were 802 143 tests recorded during the study period (362 550 and 439 593 in the first and second waves, respectively). Of these, 66 121 (18.2%) and 91 644 (20.8%) tested positive in the first and second waves, respectively. There was a 21.3% increase in the number of tests conducted in the second wave with TPR increasing by 14.3%. CI during the first and second waves were 30.3/100 000 and 42.0/100 000 respectively. During the second wave, confirmed COVID-19 cases increased among females and people 30 years old or younger and decreased among urban residents and individuals with travel history within 14 days of sample collection (p value <0.001). Most confirmed cases were asymptomatic at diagnosis during both waves: 74.9% in the first wave; 79.7% in the second wave. CFR decreased during the second wave (0.7%) compared with the first wave (1.8%).Conclusion Nigeria experienced a larger but less severe second wave of COVID-19. Continued implementation of public health and social measures is needed to mitigate the resurgence of another wave.Data are available on reasonable request. Data may be made available on request, subject to compliance with the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) data sharing policy.