TY - JOUR T1 - The gender and geography of publishing: a review of sex/gender reporting and author representation in leading general medical and global health journals JF - BMJ Global Health JO - BMJ Global Health DO - 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005672 VL - 6 IS - 5 SP - e005672 AU - Rebekah Merriman AU - Ilaria Galizia AU - Sonja Tanaka AU - Ashley Sheffel AU - Kent Buse AU - Sarah Hawkes Y1 - 2021/05/01 UR - http://gh.bmj.com/content/6/5/e005672.abstract N2 - Introduction Diverse gender and geographical representation matters in research. We aimed to review medical and global health journals’ sex/gender reporting, and the gender and geography of authorship.Methods 542 research and non-research articles from 14 selected journals were reviewed using a retrospective survey design. Paper screening and systematic data extraction was conducted with descriptive statistics and regression analyses calculated from the coded data. Outcome measures were journal characteristics, the extent to which published articles met sex/gender reporting guidelines, plus author gender and location of their affiliated institution.Results Five of the fourteen journals explicitly encourage sex/gender analysis in their author instructions, but this did not lead to increased sex/gender reporting beyond the gender of study participants (OR=3.69; p=0.000 (CI 1.79 to 7.60)). Just over half of research articles presented some level of sex/gender analysis, while 40% mentioned sex/gender in their discussion. Articles with women first and last authors were 2.4 times more likely to discuss sex/gender than articles with men in those positions (p=0.035 (CI 1.062 to 5.348)). First and last authors from high-income countries (HICs) were 19 times as prevalent as authors from low-income countries; and women from low-income and middle-income countries were at a disadvantage in terms of the impact factor of the journals they published in.Conclusion Global health and medical research fails to consistently apply a sex/gender lens and remains largely the preserve of authors in HIC. Collaborative partnerships and funding support are needed to promote gender-sensitive research and dismantle historical power dynamics in authorship.All data relevant to and included in the study are presented in the article or uploaded as supplemental information. ER -