RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Effectiveness of intermittent screening and treatment for the control of malaria in pregnancy: a cluster randomised trial in India
JF BMJ Global Health
JO BMJ Global Health
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
SP e001399
DO 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001399
VO 4
IS 4
A1 Irene Kuepfer
A1 Neelima Mishra
A1 Jane Bruce
A1 Vinit Mishra
A1 Anupkumar R Anvikar
A1 Sanghamitra Satpathi
A1 Prativa Behera
A1 Atis Muehlenbachs
A1 Jayne Webster
A1 Feiko terKuile
A1 Brian Greenwood
A1 Neena Valecha
A1 Daniel Chandramohan
YR 2019
UL http://gh.bmj.com/content/4/4/e001399.abstract
AB Background The control of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) in India relies on testing women who present with symptoms or signs suggestive of malaria. We hypothesised that intermittent screening and treatment for malaria at each antenatal care visit (ISTp) would improve on this approach and reduce the adverse effects of MiP.Methods A cluster randomised controlled trial comparing ISTp versus passive case detection (PCD) was conducted in Jharkhand state. Pregnant women of all parities with a gestational age of 18–28 weeks were enrolled. Women in the ISTp group were screened with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria at each antenatal clinic visit and those in the PCD group were screened only if they had symptoms or signs suggestive of malaria. All RDT positive women were treated with artesunate/sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine. The primary endpoint was placental malaria, determined by placental histology, and the key secondary endpoints were birth weight, gestational age, vital status of the newborn baby and maternal anaemia.Results Between April 2012 and September 2015, 6868 women were enrolled; 3300 in 46 ISTp clusters and 3568 in 41 PCD clusters. In the ISTp arm, 4.9% of women were tested malaria positive and 0.6% in the PCD arm. There was no difference in the prevalence of placental malaria in the ISTp (87/1454, 6.0%) and PCD (65/1560, 4.2%) groups (6.0% vs 4.2%; OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.29, p=0.29) or in any of the secondary endpoints.Conclusion ISTp detected more infections than PCD, but monthly ISTp with the current generation of RDT is unlikely to reduce placental malaria or impact on pregnancy outcomes. ISTp trials with more sensitive point-of-care diagnostic tests are needed.