RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Are public–private partnerships the future of healthcare delivery in sub-Saharan Africa? Lessons from Lesotho JF BMJ Global Health JO BMJ Global Health FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP e001217 DO 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001217 VO 4 IS 2 A1 Mark Hellowell YR 2019 UL http://gh.bmj.com/content/4/2/e001217.abstract AB Many governments in sub-Saharan Africa are seeking to establish public–private partnerships (PPPs) for the financing and operation of new healthcare facilities and services. While there is a large empirical literature on PPPs in high-income countries, we know much less about their operation in low-income and middle-income countries. This paper seeks to inform debates about the use of PPPs in sub-Saharan Africa by describing the planning and operation of a high-profile case in Maseru, Lesotho. The paper highlights several beneficial impacts of the transaction, including the achievement of high clinical standards, alongside a range of key challenges—in particular, the higher-than-anticipated costs to the Ministry of Health. Governments have budget-related incentives to promote the use of PPPs—even in cases in which they may threaten financial sustainability in the long term. To address this, future proposals for PPPs need to be exposed to more effective scrutiny and challenge, taking into account state capacity to proficiently manage and pay for contracted services.