PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Mohamed F Jalloh
AU  - Wenshu Li
AU  - Rebecca E Bunnell
AU  - Kathleen A Ethier
AU  - Ann O’Leary
AU  - Kathy M Hageman
AU  - Paul Sengeh
AU  - Mohammad B Jalloh
AU  - Oliver Morgan
AU  - Sara Hersey
AU  - Barbara J Marston
AU  - Foday Dafae
AU  - John T Redd
TI  - Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015
AID  - 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000471
DP  - 2018 Mar 01
TA  - BMJ Global Health
PG  - e000471
VI  - 3
IP  - 2
4099  - http://gh.bmj.com/content/3/2/e000471.short
4100  - http://gh.bmj.com/content/3/2/e000471.full
AB  - Background The mental health impact of the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic has been described among survivors, family members and healthcare workers, but little is known about its impact on the general population of affected countries. We assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population in Sierra Leone after over a year of outbreak response.Methods We administered a cross-sectional survey in July 2015 to a national sample of 3564 consenting participants selected through multistaged cluster sampling. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-4. PTSD symptoms were measured by six items from the Impact of Events Scale-revised. Relationships among Ebola experience, perceived Ebola threat and mental health symptoms were examined through binary logistic regression.Results Prevalence of any anxiety-depression symptom was 48% (95% CI 46.8% to 50.0%), and of any PTSD symptom 76% (95% CI 75.0% to 77.8%). In addition, 6% (95% CI 5.4% to 7.0%) met the clinical cut-off for anxiety-depression, 27% (95% CI 25.8% to 28.8%) met levels of clinical concern for PTSD and 16% (95% CI 14.7% to 17.1%) met levels of probable PTSD diagnosis. Factors associated with higher reporting of any symptoms in bivariate analysis included region of residence, experiences with Ebola and perceived Ebola threat. Knowing someone quarantined for Ebola was independently associated with anxiety-depression (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.9) and PTSD (AOR 2.095% CI 1.5 to 2.8) symptoms. Perceiving Ebola as a threat was independently associated with anxiety-depression (AOR 1.69 95% CI 1.44 to 1.98) and PTSD (AOR 1.86 95% CI 1.56 to 2.21) symptoms.Conclusion Symptoms of PTSD and anxiety-depression were common after one year of Ebola response; psychosocial support may be needed for people with Ebola-related experiences. Preventing, detecting, and responding to mental health conditions should be an important component of global health security efforts.