Background The prevalence of Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) in countries where Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS are still major challenges rises concerns for public health. Mozambique faces an epidemiological transition and the overlap of TB, HIV and NCDs may have implications for the control of the three diseases.

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of diabetes, obesity and arterial hypertension and the associated risk factors in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the city and province of Maputo, south Mozambique.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in four Health Centers from March 2021 to July 2022. All new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by bacilloscopy (BK) or GenExpert, and with or without HIV, were recruited and tested for diabetes by measuring glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb1Ac). The arterial blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured, and socio-demographic variables were collected through a questionnaire. The data were entered into the REDcap platform and analysed using the SPSS version 20.

Results Of the 402 patients TB subjects, 62.2% were male, with a mean age of 38 years. The prevalence of Diabetes (HbA1c > 6.5%) was 12.7%. Regarding hypertension, systolic hypertension (SBP>140 mm Hg) was 16.9%, and diastolic hypertension (DBP >110mm Hg) was 29, 9%. The Obesity (BMI > 25) was 13.7%. In overall subjects, HIV was positive in 41.3%. Regarding the risk factors for chronic diseases, 11.7% had a family history of Diabetes, 50.7% had alcohol habits, 19.9% had smoking habits and 74.6% did not practice physical activity.

Of the HIV positive patients, 30.7% had systolic hypertension and 19.3% diastolic hypertension, 16.3% diabetes and 14.5% obesity.

Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes and arterial hypertension in TB patient is high compared to other African countries. Thus, is recommended to establish an integrative screening service for NCDs screening in patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.