Higher risk of death from COVID-19 in low-income and non-White populations of São Paulo, Brazil

Sabrina L Li; Rafael H M Pereira; Carlos A Prete Jr; Alexander E Zarebski; Lucas Emanuel; Pedro J H Alves; Pedro S Peixoto; Carlos K V Braga; Andreza Aruska de Souza Santos; William M de Souza; Rogerio J Barbosa; Lewis F Buss; Alfredo Mendrone; Cesar de Almeida-Neto; Suzete C Ferreira; Nanci A Salles; Izabel Marcilio; Chieh-Hsi Wu; Nelson Gouveia; Vitor H Nascimento; Ester C Sabino; Nuno R Faria; Jane P Messina

doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-004959

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Higher risk of death from COVID-19 in low-income and non-White populations of São Paulo, Brazil

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Sabrina L Li School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Rafael H M Pereira Institute of Applied Economic Research, Brasília, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Carlos A Prete Jr Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Alexander E Zarebski Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Lucas Emanuel Institute of Applied Economic Research, Brasília, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Pedro J H Alves Institute of Applied Economic Research, Brasília, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Pedro S Peixoto Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Carlos K V Braga Institute of Applied Economic Research, Brasília, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Andreza Aruska de Souza Santos Oxford School of Global and Area Studies, Latin American Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK PubMed articles Google scholar articles
William M de Souza Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKVirology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Rogerio J Barbosa Institute of Social and Political Studies (IESP), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Lewis F Buss Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias andInstituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Alfredo Mendrone Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Cesar de Almeida-Neto Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDisciplina de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Suzete C Ferreira Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco – Immuno – Hematology (LIM-31) HCFMUSP, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Nanci A Salles Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilLaboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Directed Therapy in Onco – Immuno – Hematology (LIM-31) HCFMUSP, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Izabel Marcilio Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Chieh-Hsi Wu Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Nelson Gouveia Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Vitor H Nascimento Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Ester C Sabino Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias andInstituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Nuno R Faria Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDepartamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias andInstituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilMRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; and the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics (J-IDEA), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK PubMed articles Google scholar articles
Jane P Messina School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKOxford School of Global and Area Studies, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK PubMed articles Google scholar articles

Correspondence to Sabrina L Li; lisabrinaly{at}gmail.com; Dr Rafael H M Pereira; rafael.pereira{at}ipea.gov.br

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Citation

Li SL, Pereira RHM, Prete Jr CA, et al

Higher risk of death from COVID-19 in low-income and non-White populations of São Paulo, Brazil

BMJ Global Health 2021;6:e004959.

Publication history

Received January 6, 2021
Revised March 8, 2021
Accepted April 6, 2021
First published April 29, 2021.

Online issue publication

April 10, 2022

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This web only file has been produced by the BMJ Publishing Group from an electronic file supplied by the author(s) and has not been edited for content.

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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