Associations between gender equity in land and/or livestock and food security, diets and nutritional status
| Exposure | Analysis | Years | N | Equity gap | Effect | 95% CI | Standardised effect | Standardised 95% CI | |
| Outcome: food share (not included in meta-analysis) | |||||||||
| Menon et al37 | Women have land use certificate versus men | OLS FE | 2004–2008 | 14 826 | 0.19* | 0.60 | – | 0.11 | – |
| Muchomba41 | Joint land titling versus men only | DiD | 1994–2009 | 1061 | 1.00† | 0.10‡ | – | 0.10 | – |
| Quisumbing and Maluccio38 | Ln wife's land size at marriage versus husband's, in hectares | 2SLS | – | 114 | 0.24* | 8.40 | – | 2.01 | – |
| Quisumbing and Maluccio38 | Ln value of wife's land and livestock at marriage versus husband's, in Ethiopian birr | 2SLS | 1997 | 1347 | 0.85* | 642.3 | – | 545.8 | – |
| Pangaribowo39 | Women’s share of household livestock assets | OLS | 1997–2007 | – | – | −15.2 | – | – | – |
| Outcome: Ln (food expenditure) | |||||||||
| Muchomba41 | Joint land titling versus men only | DiD | 1994–2009 | 1061 | 1.00† | 0.43‡ | – | 0.43 | – |
| Outcome: Ln (household food diversity count) | |||||||||
| Kumar42 | Share of household land size farmed by women (jointly or individually) | OLS | 1986 | 213 | −0.10§ | 0.18 | 0.10 to 0.27 | −0.02 | −0.03 to −0.01 |
| Outcome: household dietary diversity score | |||||||||
| Santos et al36 | Women’s name on land title versus men’s | PSM and OLS | 2012 | 1035 | 0.25† | −0.06 | −0.26 to 0.14 | −0.02 | −0.06 to 0.03 |
| Outcome: height-for-age z-score | |||||||||
| Jin and Iannotti44 | Women’s livestock value (solely or jointly owned) minus men’s (solely owned), in Kenyan shillings | OLS | 2010 | 183 | 1.26† | 0.10 | – | 0.13 | – |
| Outcome: weight-for-height z-score | |||||||||
| Jin and Iannotti44 | Women’s livestock value (solely or jointly owned) minus men’s (solely owned), in Kenyan shillings | OLS | 2010 | 183 | 1.26† | 0.01 | – | 0.01 | – |
| Outcome: weight-for-age z-score | |||||||||
| Jin and Iannotti44 | Women’s livestock value (solely or jointly owned) minus men’s (solely owned), in Kenyan shillings | OLS | 2010 | 183 | 1.26† | 0.05 | – | 0.06 | – |
*Half of the difference between men and women.
†Assuming all assets should be jointly owned.
‡Combined effects on budget spent on homegrown foods and market-bought foods.
§Difference between observed level of exposure and perfect equity, defined as 0.5.
DiD, difference-in-difference; FE, fixed effects; Ln, Natural logarithm; OLS, ordinary least squares; PSM, propensity score matching; 2SLS, two-stage least squares.