Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | Intervention arm n=257 | Standard of care arm n=249 | Measure of effect (95% CI) |
| Weight-for-age z-score, mean (95% CI), adjusted mean difference | −0.96 (−1.09 to −0.84) | −0.85 (−0.97 to −0.72) | −0.13 (−0.28 to 0.03) p=0.10 |
| Underweight, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 224 (86.8%) | 222 (88.8%) | 1 |
| Yes | 34 (13.2%) | 28 (11.2%) | 1.24 (0.62 to 2.47) p=0.54 |
| Height-for-age z-score, mean (95% CI), adjusted mean difference | −1.36 (−1.61 to −1.12) | −1.34 (−1.49 to −1.20) | −0.06 (−0.24 to 0.11) p=0.49 |
| Stunted, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 184 (71.3%) | 189 (75.6%) | 1 |
| Yes | 74 (28.7%) | 61 (24.4%) | 1.23 (0.79 to 1.93) p=0.36 |
| BMI-for-age z-score, mean (95% CI), adjusted mean difference | −0.16 (−0.48 to 0.15) | −0.01 (−0.20 to 0.18) | −0.14 (−0.39 to 0.10) p=0.26 |
| Low BMI-for-age z-score, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 239 (92.6%) | 237 (94.8%) | 1 |
| Yes | 19 (7.4%) | 13 (5.2%) | 1.45 (0.68 to 3.05) p=0.34 |
| MUAC-for-age z-score, mean (95% CI), adjusted mean difference | −0.60 (−0.75 to −0.45) | −0.49 (−0.61 to −0.38) | −0.20 (−0.35 to −0.06) p=0.006 |
| Low MUAC-for-age z-score, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 245 (95.0%) | 244 (97.6%) | 1 |
| Yes | 13 (5.0%) | 6 (2.4%) | 1.63 (0.53 to 496) p=0.39 |
| PSI-SF percentile≥90%, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 185 (71.7%) | 161 (63.6%) | OR=1 |
| Yes | 73 (28.3%) | 92 (36.4%) | OR=0.69 (0.45 to 1.05) p=0.08 |
| PSI-SF percentile, mean (95% CI), adjusted mean difference | 76.8 (73.0 to 80.4) | 76.2 (70.5 to 81.9) | 0.44 (–5.18 to 6.05) p=0.88 |
| Parental distress subscale percentile>90%, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 213 (82.6%) | 178 (70.9%) | OR=1 |
| Yes | 45 (17.4%) | 73 (29.1%) | OR=0.56 (0.35 to 0.89) p=0.01 |
| Parental distress subscale, mean (95% CI), adjusted mean difference | 65.0 (60.1to 70.0) | 66.6 (60.2 to 72.9) | −0.15 (−7.16 to 6.86) p=0.97 |
| Parent-child dysfunctional interaction subscale percentile≥90%, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 157 (60.6%) | 152 (60.1%) | OR=1 |
| Yes | 102 (39.3%) | 101 (39.9%) | OR=1.00 (0.63 to 1.59) |
| Parent-child dysfunctional interaction subscale, mean (95% CI), adjusted mean difference | 74.0 (68.3 to 79.7) | 72.7 (65.8 to 79.6) | −0.02 (−6.16 to 6.12) p=0.99 |
| Difficult child subscale percentile≥90%, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 203 (78.3%) | 186 (73.5%) | OR=1 |
| Yes | 56 (21.6%) | 67 (26.5%) | OR=0.79 (0.46 to 1.38) p=0.41 |
| Difficult child subscale, mean (95% CI), adjusted mean difference | 70.0 (65.5 to 74.5) | 70.0 (66.0 to 73.2) | 0.73 (−4.34 to 5.79) p=0.78 |
| High EPDS, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 148 (60.2%) | 134 (56.1%) | 1 |
| Yes | 98 (39.8%) | 105 (43.9%) | 0.79 (0.50 to 1.25) p=0.32 |
| High SSQ-8, n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| No | 144 (55.2%) | 138 (54.6%) | 1 |
| Yes | 117 (44.8%) | 115 (45.5%) | 0.90 (0.62 to 1.32) p=0.59 |
| Household food security (HFIAS), n (%), adjusted OR | |||
| Little to no hunger | 196 (75.1%) | 198 (78.3%) | 1 |
| Moderate-to-severe hunger | 65 (24.9%) | 55 (21.7%) | 1.19 (0.62 to 2.26) p=0.52 |
BMI, body mass index; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; HFIAS, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; PSI-SF, Parental Stress Index Short Form; SSQ-8, 8-item Shona Symptoms Questionnaire.