Abnormal findings on clinical examination by country and for all countries combined
| Country | India | Pakistan | Kenya | Malawi | Total | |
| Number of women assessed* | 2099 | 3287 | 3145 | 2923 | 11 454 | |
| Clinical examination—general | ||||||
| Variable | Definition | % | % | % | % | % |
| Pulse rate (PR, beats per min) | PR≤50 or PR≥100 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 4.5 |
| Respiratory rate (RR, breaths per min) | RR≤8 or RR≥20 | 0.1 | 39.0 | 72.7 | 43.2 | 42.3 |
| Temperature (T, °C) | T≤35 or T≥38.0 | 15.2 | 10.6 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 7.0 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | ≤90 or ≥140 | 2.5 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 4.4 | 5.8 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | ≤45 or ≥90 | 3.0 | 11.6 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 6.2 |
| Nutritional status (kg/m2) | Body mass index≤18.5 kg/m2 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 |
| Clinical examination—by organ system | ||||||
| Organ system | Abnormal finding | % | % | % | % | % |
| General | Conjunctival pallor | 40.9 | 43.9 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 23.0 |
| Sclera | 0.7 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.2 | |
| Goitre | 0.2 | 6.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 2.0 | |
| Peripheral pitting oedema | 2.8 | 13.9 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 5.4 | |
| Central pitting oedema | 0.3 | 5.7 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.9 | |
| Total | 45.0 | 73.3 | 9.3 | 6.3 | 33.5 | |
| Skin | Skin rashes | 3.5 | 9.2 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 3.7 |
| Skin ulcers | 0.2 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.8 | |
| Skin lump or growth | 0.4 | 5.7 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 2.0 | |
| Total | 4.1 | 17.3 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 6.5 | |
| Oral cavity | Bleeding gums | 0.8 | 14.5 | 5.3 | 0.1 | 6.0 |
| Oral thrush | 0.3 | 9.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 3.0 | |
| Mouth ulcers | 1.6 | 9.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 3.1 | |
| Total | 2.7 | 33.1 | 6.1 | 0.5 | 12.1 | |
| Breast | Cracked nipples | 0.3 | 12.3 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 4.2 |
| Abnormal engorgement | 3.3 | 20.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 6.8 | |
| Abnormal tenderness | 1.3 | 11.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 3.9 | |
| Abscess | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |
| Lump | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | |
| Total | 6.4 | 45.7 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 16.0 | |
| Abdominal | Abnormal tenderness | 25.7 | 17.9 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 10.9 |
| Abnormal mass | 0.1 | 6.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.9 | |
| Total | 25.8 | 24.2 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 12.8 | |
| Clinical examination—perineum and speculum examination† | ||||||
| Number of women with indication and assessed | 563 | 2654 | 2225 | 846 | 6288 | |
| Perineum | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Leakage of urine | 0.0 | 7.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 3.3 | |
| Excoriation | 0.0 | 12.0 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 5.5 | |
| Swelling | 1.2 | 18.2 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 8.7 | |
| Tear | 0.7 | 18.0 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 10.7 | |
| Subtotal | 1.9 | 55.3 | 8.1 | 12.9 | 28.2 | |
| Percentage of study sample | 0.5 | 44.6 | 5.7 | 3.7 | 15.5 | |
| Number of women with indication and assessed | 365 | 1729 | 316 | 154 | 2555 | |
| Speculum examination | % | % | % | % | ||
| Abnormal vaginal discharge | 11.8 | 43.5 | 17.2 | 52.6 | 36.4 | |
| Abnormal bleeding | 2.2 | 15.1 | 33.4 | 1.3 | 14.8 | |
| Subtotal | 14.0 | 58.6 | 50.6 | 53.9 | 51.2 | |
| Percentage of study sample | 2.4 | 30.8 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 11.4 | |
*Percentage with abnormal findings calculated as percentage of those who consented to the examination. Percentage of total (n=11 454) who provided consent for general examination 98.7%, skin and oral cavity examination 92.0%, breast examination 90.0% and examination of the abdomen 97.4%.
†Vaginal examination was only offered and consent obtained if clinically indicated; for perineum examination 54.9% of women; for speculum examination 20.1% of women.