Multivariate regression analysis on the association between terminated and unwanted pregnancy and the demographic, socioeconomic variables (NDHS 2003–2013)
| Variable | NDHS 2003–2013 pooled data | NDHS 2013-only | ||||||
| Terminated pregnancy | Unintended pregnancy | Terminated pregnancy | Unintended pregnancy | |||||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Year of study | ||||||||
| 2003 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 2008 | 0.71 (0.66 to 0.76)* | - | 0.62 (0.56 to 0.68)* | – | ||||
| 2013 | 0.69 (0.64 to 0.74)* | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.01) | 0.60 (0.54 to 0.66)* | 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99)* | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 15–19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 20–24 | 3.48 (3.03 to 4.01)* | 1.67 (1.32 to 2.13)* | 0.71 (0.63 to 0.79)* | 0.71 (0.57 to 0.88)* | 3.39 (2.73 to 4.21*) | 1.58 (1.09 to 2.28)* | 0.72 (0.59 to 0.89)* | 0.69 (0.46 to 1.01) |
| 25–29 | 5.89 (5.15 to 6.73)* | 2.39 (1.88 to 3.06)* | 0.49 (0.44 to 0.55)* | 0.40 (0.32 to 0.50)* | 6.05 (4.88 to 7.51)* | 2.39 (1.64 to 3.50)* | 0.53 (0.42 to 0.65)* | 0.39 (0.26 to 0.58)* |
| 30–34 | 7.83 (6.85 to 8.97)* | 3.10 (2.40 to 3.99)* | 0.45 (0.40 to 0.51)* | 0.29 (0.23 to 0.37)* | 8.03 (6.41 to 10.05)* | 3.13 (2.13 to 4.60)* | 0.48 (0.38 to 0.61)* | 0.25 (0.16 to 0.39)* |
| 35–39 | 9.06 (7.91 to 10.38)* | 3.65 (2.81 to 4.75)* | 0.57 (0.50 to 0.64)* | 0.30 (0.23 to 0.39)* | 9.27 (7.42 to 11.60)* | 3.70 (2.44 to 5.60)* | 0.58 (0.45 to 0.74)* | 0.23 (0.15 to 0.38)* |
| 40–44 | 9.72 (8.46 to 11.16)* | 4.42 (3.35 to 5.83)* | 0.66 (0.58 to 0.76)* | 0.32 (0.25 to 0.43)* | 9.74 (7.81 to 12.15)* | 4.23 (2.75 to 6.52)* | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.91)* | 0.30 (0.18 to 0.49)* |
| 45–49 | 9.30 (8.09 to 10.69)* | 4.68 (3.44 to 6.37)* | 0.70 (0.59 to 0.84)* | 0.34 (0.24 to 0.47)* | 8.46 (6.79 to 10.55)* | 4.19 (2.58 to 6.81)* | 0.53 (0.37 to 0.76)* | 0.26 (0.12 to 0.42)* |
| Region | ||||||||
| North Central | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| North East | 1.51 (1.40 to 1.63)* | 1.96 (1.71 to 2.24)* | 0.78 (0.70 to 0.86)* | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.25) | 1.58 (1.23 to 2.03)* | 2.02 (1.48 to 2.74)* | 0.68 (0.47 to 0.98)* | 1.15 (0.81 to 1.63) |
| North West | 1.14 (1.05 to 1.22)* | 1.50 (1.30 to 1.72)* | 0.33 (0.29 to 0.37)* | 0.72 (0.60 to 0.87)* | 1.20 (0.95 to 1.53) | 1.46 (1.10 to 1.93)* | 0.21 (0.13 to 0.33)* | 0.53 (0.34 to 0.82)* |
| South East | 1.28 (1.17 to 1.39)* | 1.59 (1.37 to 1.86)* | 1.81 (1.61 to 2.03)* | 1.51 (1.27 to 1.79)* | 1.33 (1.04 to 1.69)* | 1.53 (1.12 to 2.10)* | 2.04 (1.46 to 2.85)* | 1.40 (0.99 to 1.98) |
| South South | 1.36 (1.26 to 1.47)* | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.34) | 2.97 (2.69 to 3.28)* | 2.07 (1.79 to 2.40)* | 1.49 (1.12 to 1.97)* | 1.19 (0.85 to 1.67) | 3.15 (2.29 to 4.33)* | 2.28 (1.67 to 3.11)* |
| South West | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.23) | 1.61 (1.45 to 1.79)* | 1.69 (1.46 to 1.97)* | 1.71 (1.34 to 2.17)* | 1.45 (1.09 to 1.94)* | 1.60 (1.17 to 2.17)* | 1.77 (1.31 to 2.39)* |
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 0.95 (0.90 to 99)* | 1.05 (0.95 to 1.16) | 0.74 (0.70 to 0.79)* | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.07) | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.98) | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.37) | 0.62 (0.51 to 0.76)* | 0.87 (0.70 to 1.07) |
| Education level | ||||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary | 1.22 (1.15 to 1.29)* | 1.35 (1.21 to 1.52)* | 2.89 (2.65 to 3.15)* | 1.37 (1.19 to 1.58)* | 1.49 (1.32 to 1.68)* | 1.52 (1.26 to 1.83)* | 5.16 (4.19 to 6.35)* | 2.07 (1.63 to 2.65)* |
| Secondary | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.84)* | 1.32 (1.16 to 1.50)* | 4.20 (3.88 to 4.54)* | 1.52 (1.30 to 1.76)* | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.11) | 1.27 (1.04 to 1.56)* | 6.64 (5.39 to 8.19)* | 2.01 (1.54 to 2.63)* |
| Higher | 1.20 (1.11 to 1.30)* | 1.46 (1.21 to 1.76)* | 2.77 (2.42 to 3.16)* | 1.66 (1.33 to 2.07)* | 1.48 (1.23 to 1.77)* | 1.62 (1.22 to 2.15)* | 4.30 (3.30 to 5.59)* | 2.31 (1.61 to 3.30)* |
| Religion | ||||||||
| Christianity | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Islam | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.95)* | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.04) | 0.25 (0.23 to 0.27)* | 0.67 (0.59 to 0.76)* | 0.78 (0.70 to 0.87)* | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.08) | 0.18 (0.15 to 0.22)* | 0.65 (0.51 to 0.83)* |
| Traditional/no religion | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.04) | 0.78 (0.58 to 1.05) | 0.39 (0.31 to 0.50)* | 0.63 (0.43 to 0.91)* | 0.60 (0.42 to 0.86)* | 0.55 (0.30 to 1.02) | 0.19 (0.11 to 0.34)* | 0.43 (0.20 to 0.91)* |
| Employment status | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Employed | 2.06 (1.96 to 2.16)* | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21)* | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.18)* | 0.89 (0.81 to 0.99)* | 2.21 (1.99 to 2.46)* | 1.14 (0.97 to 1.32) | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.39)* | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.16) |
| Sex of household head | ||||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.86 (0.81 to 0.92)* | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.03) | 2.39 (2.21 to 2.89)* | 1.12 (0.99 to 1.28) | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.13) | – | 2.86 (2.42 to 3.36)* | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.39) |
| Household wealth status | ||||||||
| Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Poorer | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.08) | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.23) | 1.42 (1.28 to 1.59)* | 1.16 (0.99 to 1.37) | 1.11 (0.95 to 1.30) | 1.16 (0.95 to 1.42) | 2.30 (1.71 to 3.10)* | 1.21 (0.89 to 1.65) |
| Middle | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.09) | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.35)* | 2.32 (2.10 to 2.57)* | 1.33 (1.13 to 1.57)* | 1.06 (0.88 to 1.27) | 1.14 (0.91 to 1.44) | 4.39 (3.18 to 6.07)* | 1.37 (0.99 to 1.88) |
| Richer | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.12) | 1.31 (1.13 to 1.52)* | 2.80 (2.53 to 3.10)* | 1.32 (1.10 to 1.59)* | 1.15 (0.96 to 1.37) | 1.30 (1.01 to 1.68)* | 4.53 (3.26 to 6.29)* | 1.17 (0.82 to 1.67) |
| Richest | 1.15 (1.07 to 1.23)* | 1.44 (1.21 to 1.71)* | 2.51 (2.25 to 2.79)* | 1.37 (1.11 to 1.69)* | 1.36 (1.14 to 1.62)* | 1.38 (1.04 to 1.83)* | 4.29 (3.10 to 5.95)* | 1.21 (0.82 to 1.79) |
| Children ever born | ||||||||
| 1–2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 3–4 | 1.27 (1.19 to 1.36)* | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.02) | 0.59 (0.54 to 0.64)* | 1.30 (1.14 to 1.48)* | 1.27 (1.13 to 1.42)* | 0.87 (0.74 to 1.02) | 0.61 (0.53 to 0.71)* | 1.43 (1.15 to 1.79)* |
| >4 | 0.91 (0.86 to 0.96)* | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.02) | 0.85 (0.79 to 0.91)* | 2.57 (2.20 to 3.01)* | 0.80 (0.72 to 0.90)* | 0.80 (0.65 to 0.98)* | 0.82 (0.71 to 0.94)* | 3.17 (2.43 to 4.12)* |
| Currently use modern contraceptive methods | 1.14 (1.06 to 1.22)* | 0.74 (0.65 to 0.84)* | 2.48 (2.29 to 2.69)* | 4.28 (3.75 to 4.87)* | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.40)* | 0.74 (0.61 to 0.90)* | 3.12 (2.65 to 3.68)* | 3.91 (3.20 to 4.78)* |
| Experience domestic violence | 1.65 (1.55 to 1.76)* | 1.49 (1.37 to 1.62)* | 1.90 (1.74 to 2.07)* | 1.61 (1.46 to 1.77)* | 1.89 (1.68 to 2.13)* | 1.54 (1.31 to 1.82)* | 2.62 (2.21 to 3.12)* | 1.85 (1.55 to 2.21)* |
| Had unintended pregnancy | 1.30 (1.20 to 1.42)* | 1.47 (1.30 to 1.65)* | – | – | 1.34 (1.18 to 1.53*) | 1.55 (1.30 to 1.84)* | – | – |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Currently married/living with partner | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Not currently married | 0.29 (0.27 to 0.31)* | 0.92 (0.74 to 1.16) | 6.65 (6.10 to 7.26)* | 3.03 (2.42 to 3.79)* | 0.31 (0.27 to 0.36)* | 0.85 (0.59 to 1.21) | 8.00 (6.70 to 9.56)* | 2.28 (1.59 to 3.28)* |
| Unmet need | 1.18 (1.11 to 1.26)* | 0.84 (0.76 to 0.92)* | 4.16 (3.91 to 4.43)* | 7.51 (6.78 to 8.32)* | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.13) | - | 3.79 (3.32 to 4.32)* | 6.17 (5.12 to 7.41) |
↵*Significant at p<0.05.
NDHS, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey.