Table 3

Impact of framing on patient satisfaction—the detailed specification

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)
Lab feesDrug feesRegistration feesCleanWait timeRespectExplainPrivacyStaff timeOpen hoursTrustOverall
Negative
with negative
−0.204
(0.002)
−0.105
(<0.001)
−0.028
(0.092)
−0.056
(<0.001)
−0.064
(<0.001)
−0.021
(0.004)
−0.029
(0.002)
−0.094
(<0.001)
−0.106
(<0.001)
−0.066
(<0.001)
−0.081
(<0.001)
−0.067
(<0.001)
Negative
with mixed
−0.165
(0.113)
−0.148
(0.004)
−0.120
(0.022)
−0.036
(0.163)
−0.110
(<0.001)
−0.032
(0.055)
−0.084
(0.001)
−0.212
(<0.001)
−0.132
(<0.001)
−0.143
(<0.001)
−0.218
(<0.001)
−0.124
(<0.001)
Positive with mixed−0.035
(0.731)
0.028
(0.433)
−0.227
(0.003)
0.001
(0.945)
−0.004
(0.846)
0.010
(0.161)
0.011
(0.303)
−0.006
(0.820)
−0.006
(0.697)
−0.018
(0.271)
0.001
(0.940)
−0.005
(0.454)
Observations (n)17810047842219221922132204220922192144219319 586
Missing values2737339181337829202
Number of individuals who received the question 18010118212222222222222222222222222222222219 788
  • Dependent variable=1 if the patient responded favourably in stage 1 (ie, ‘agree’ on positively framed questions or ‘disagree’ on negatively framed questions), 0 otherwise. ‘Negative with negative’ refers to a negatively framed item with a battery of negatively framed items. ‘Negative with mixed’ refers to a negatively framed item with a random mix of negative and positive items. The numbers reported below the coefficients are p values. The total patients asked each question differs because certain questions only applied to a subset of patients.