OR | 95% CI | |||
Region | ||||
Western | 1.000 | |||
Central | 0.722 | * | 0.540 | 0.965 |
Greater Accra | 1.024 | 0.580 | 1.806 | |
Volta | 1.572 | * | 1.108 | 2.228 |
Eastern | 1.461 | ** | 1.106 | 1.928 |
Ashanti | 1.646 | *** | 1.238 | 2.188 |
Brong Ahafo | 3.118 | *** | 2.289 | 4.245 |
Northern | 1.680 | ** | 1.189 | 2.373 |
Upper East | 4.854 | *** | 3.431 | 6.864 |
Upper West | 5.213 | *** | 3.647 | 7.450 |
Sex | ||||
Male | 1.000 | |||
Female | 1.509 | *** | 1.321 | 1.723 |
Age | ||||
50–59 | 1.000 | |||
60–69 | 1.241 | ** | 1.076 | 1.430 |
70plus | 1.785 | *** | 1.537 | 2.073 |
Marital status | ||||
Married/Cohabiting | 1.000 | |||
Separated/Divorced | 0.619 | *** | 0.497 | 0.769 |
Widowed | 0.824 | * | 0.704 | 0.964 |
Never married | 0.466 | * | 0.248 | 0.874 |
Education | ||||
None | 1.000 | |||
Primary | 1.173 | * | 1.0090 | 1.362 |
Secondary and higher | 3.255 | *** | 2.2941 | 4.617 |
Religion | ||||
No religion | 1.000 | |||
Christian | 1.618 | *** | 1.303 | 2.009 |
Muslim | 1.215 | 0.961 | 1.534 | |
Ethnicity | ||||
Akan | 1.000 | |||
Ga-Dangme | 0.745 | 0.539 | 1.029 | |
Ewe | 0.778 | 0.580 | 1.044 | |
Guan | 0.990 | 0.710 | 1.378 | |
Gurma | 0.547 | *** | 0.397 | 0.751 |
Mole-Dagbani | 0.502 | *** | 0.379 | 0.664 |
Other | 0.621 | ** | 0.452 | 0.852 |
Poor | ||||
Non-poor | 1.000 | |||
Poor | 0.696 | *** | 0.610 | 0.793 |
Minutes | ||||
Hospital | 0.996 | *** | 0.994 | 0.996 |
Clinic | 0.998 | * | 0.996 | 0.999 |
Road access | ||||
Yes | 1.000 | |||
No | 0.620 | *** | 0.525 | 0.731 |
N | 5,476 |
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
NHIS, National Health Insurance scheme.