Total (N=5428) | Men (n=1919) | Women (n=3509) | % Difference | 95% CI | p-Value | ||||
(%) | SE | (%) | SE | (%) | SE | ||||
Natural disaster related | 93.5 | 0.006 | 93.5 | 0.008 | 93.5 | 0.007 | 0.0 | −1.4 to 1.5 | 0.927 |
Conflict related | 93.0 | 0.006 | 94.2 | 0.008 | 90.4 | 0.007 | 3.8 | 2.7 to 5.5 | <0.001 |
Crackdowns, round-up raids, frisking | 81.1 | 0.010 | 82.7 | 0.012 | 77.6 | 0.011 | 5.1 | 2.5 to 6.7 | |
Fire or explosion | 73.4 | 0.011 | 78.6 | 0.014 | 62.8 | 0.012 | 15.9 | 14.3 to 19.2 | |
Militant or military attacks | 41.8 | 0.011 | 46.8 | 0.016 | 31.7 | 0.012 | 15.1 | 11.8 to 17.3 | |
Assault with a weapon | 33.7 | 0.011 | 38.6 | 0.016 | 23.6 | 0.011 | 15.0 | 10.9 to 16.1 | |
Interrogation or harassment with threat to life | 33.0 | 0.010 | 36.0 | 0.014 | 26.7 | 0.010 | 9.3 | 8.8 to 14.1 | |
Captivity, that is, kidnapped/imprisoned/ held hostage | 32.4 | 0.011 | 36.7 | 0.015 | 23.5 | 0.011 | 13.2 | 10.4 to 15.7 | |
Torture | 27.9 | 0.010 | 31.2 | 0.014 | 21.3 | 0.010 | 9.9 | 8.8 to 13.9 | |
Death of a loved one | 70.6 | 0.011 | 74.0 | 0.014 | 63.6 | 0.012 | 10.4 | 7.8 to 12.9 | <0.001 |
Sudden death | 59.5 | 0.012 | 62.4 | 0.016 | 53.6 | 0.013 | 8.8 | 6.1 to 11.6 | |
Violent death | 48.7 | 0.011 | 51.7 | 0.015 | 42.7 | 0.012 | 9.0 | 6.0- to 11.6 | |
Separation from loved one | 25.7 | 0.010 | 28.2 | 0.014 | 20.6 | 0.010 | 7.6 | 5.3 to 10.2 | <0.001 |
Disappearance | 15.7 | 0.008 | 17.1 | 0.011 | 12.0 | 0.008 | 5.1 | 3.0 to 7.1 | |
Forced separation | 15.4 | 0.009 | 16.9 | 0.011 | 13.3 | 0.008 | 3.6 | 1.7 to 6.0 | |
Life trauma | 75.7 | 0.009 | 80.8 | 0.012 | 65.4 | 0.011 | 15.4 | 12.5 to 17.3 | <0.001 |
Transport accident | 54.2 | 0.011 | 63.0 | 0.014 | 36.2 | 0.012 | 26.8 | 23.1 to 28.6 | |
Life-threatening illness | 45.6 | 0.012 | 48.8 | 0.016 | 39.1 | 0.012 | 9∙6 | 6.3 to 11.9 | |
Work accident | 41.8 | 0.011 | 45.4 | 0.015 | 34.5 | 0.011 | 10.9 | 9.0 to 14.6 | |
Sexual trauma | 11.1 | 0.007 | 12.2 | 0.010 | 9.0 | 0.008 | 3.2 | 1.7 to 5.3 | 0.007 |
Sexual assault | 9.2 | 0.007 | 10.3 | 0.009 | 7.0 | 0.007 | 3.3 | 2.4 to 5.7 | |
Bad sexual experience | 8.3 | 0.006 | 9.1 | 0.009 | 6.9 | 0.006 | 2.2 | 0.8 to 4.0 | |
Physical trauma | 60.2 | 0.001 | 66.4 | 0.016 | 47.3 | 0.012 | 19.1 | 14.8 to 20.3 | <0.001 |
Loss of property/belongings | 51.1 | 0.014 | 53.6 | 0.018 | 45.9 | 0.015 | 7.7 | 5.5 to 11.2 | <0.001 |