Trial endpoints | Summary statistics | Crude change from baseline | Effect estimate: Intervention vs Control schools† Difference (95% CI); P value | |||||
Control schools | Intervention schools | Control schools | Intervention schools | Basic model‡ | Fully adjusted model‡ | |||
Cognitive outcomes in February 2012: | ||||||||
Code transmission: | ||||||||
Single-digit task, z-score | 1.39 (1.00) | 1.34 (1.00) | +1.32 | +1.41 | 0.08 (−0.05 to 0.22) | 0.223 | 0.08 (−0.06 to 0.21) | 0.260 |
Double-digit task, z-score | 0.37 (1.00) | 0.53 (1.07) | +0.34 | +0.57 | 0.23 (0.10 to 0.36) | <0.001 | 0.23 (0.10 to 0.36) | 0.001 |
Visual search task, z-score§ | 0.74 (0.97) | 0.81 (1.02) | +0.79 | +0.76 | −0.09 (−0.30 to 0.13) | n/s | −0.07 (−0.28 to 0.15) | n/s |
Numeracy task, z-score§ | 0.66 (0.95) | 0.66 (0.93) | +0.63 | +0.69 | 0.00 (−0.15 to 0.15) | n/s | 0.01 (−0.15 to 0.15) | n/s |
Vocabulary task, z-score§ | 0.67 (1.41) | 0.70 (1.35) | +0.68 | +0.69 | 0.02 (−0.26 to 0.31) | n/s | 0.00 (−0.28 to 0.30) | n/s |
Writing task, z-score§ | −0.20 (1.25) | −0.28 (1.43) | −0.24 | −0.24 | −0.07 (−0.47 to 0.32) | n/s | −0.07 (0.74 to −0.47) | n/s |
Data are mean (SD) unless specified otherwise.
*Includes data from children in classes 4 and 5 recruited into the cognitive cohort in 80 schools, age range 6–16 years.
†Children in intervention schools received the educational intervention and an insecticide-treated net in April–May 2011, followed by intermittent parasite clearance in December 2011. Cognitive outcomes are compared with schoolchildren in control communities that had received nets as part of a government-run universal coverage campaign in May 2011.
‡All statistical analyses account for clustering within schools, repeated measures within individuals over time and practice effects. Fully adjusted analyses control for age, sex and school class.
§Analyses additionally control for different versions of the tasks administered to classes 4 and 5. 95% CI are from bias-corrected bootstrap analyses using 2000 bootstrap samples, and n/s indicates that the results are not statistically significant at p=0.05.