Patient characteristics
| HDI tertile | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Middle | Low | ||
| Age in completed years | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.9 (5.1) | 9.1 (5.0) | 7.0 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 388 (55.9) | 275 (61.1) | 152 (57.4) | 0.216 |
| Female | 306 (44.1) | 175 (38.9) | 113 (42.6) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| ASA grade | ||||
| 1 | 507 (73.1) | 354 (78.7) | 154 (58.1) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 105 (15.1) | 65 (14.4) | 58 (21.9) | |
| 3 | 51 (7.3) | 12 (2.7) | 37 (14.0) | |
| 4 | 23 (3.3) | 6 (1.3) | 12 (4.5) | |
| 5 | 8 (1.2) | 13 (2.9) | 4 (1.5) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Surgical safety checklist used | ||||
| No, not available in this hospital | 35 (5.0) | 192 (42.7) | 95 (35.8) | <0.001 |
| No, but available in this hospital | 6 (0.9) | 39 (8.7) | 74 (27.9) | |
| Yes | 653 (94.1) | 217 (48.2) | 96 (36.2) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Perforated viscus | ||||
| No | 596 (85.9) | 399 (88.7) | 190 (71.7) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 97 (14.0) | 49 (10.9) | 68 (25.7) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.4) | 7 (2.6) | |
| Prophylactic antibiotics | ||||
| No, not available | 6 (0.9) | 16 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.404* |
| No, but available | 90 (13.0) | 55 (12.2) | 36 (13.6) | |
| Yes | 598 (86.2) | 377 (83.8) | 228 (86.0) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Whole blood/products | ||||
| No, but available in this hospital | 661 (95.2) | 385 (85.6) | 201 (75.8) | <0.001* |
| No, not available in this hospital | 8 (1.2) | 7 (1.6) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Yes, whole blood | 2 (0.3) | 30 (6.7) | 54 (20.4) | |
| Yes, blood products | 23 (3.3) | 26 (5.8) | 9 (3.4) | |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
*χ2 test is for yes versus no.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; HDI, Human Development Index.