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ABSTRACTS OF THE EIGHTH EDCTP FORUM, 6–9 NOVEMBER 2016
ABSTRACTS OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS
OA-016
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR EFAVIRENZ-BASED ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT-ASSOCIATED SEVERE VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
  1. Hanna Nylén1,
  2. Abiy Habtewold2,
  3. Eyasu Makonnen2,
  4. Getnet Yimer2,
  5. Jürgen Burhenne3,
  6. Ulf Diczfalusy1,
  7. Eleni Aklillu1
  1. 1KI, Sweden
  2. 2Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
  3. 3University of Heidelberg, Germany

Abstract

Background Initiation of efavirenz-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with Vitamin D deficiency, but the risk factors for cART-induced severe vitamin D deficiency (SVDD) and the impact of anti-tuberculosis (TB) co-treatment is not explored well.

Methods Treatment-naïve HIV patients with (n=102) or without (n=89) tuberculosis co-infection were enrolled prospectively and received efavirenz-based cART. In TB-HIV co-infected patients, rifampicin-based TB treatment was initiated. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), cholesterol and 4-beta hydroxycholesterol concentrations were measured at baseline, and weeks 4, 16 and 48 of cART. Plasma efavirenz concentrations were determined at week 4 and 16 of cART. Genotyping for CYP2B6, CYP3A5, ABCB1, SLCO1B1, and UGT2B7 were done.

Results TB-HIV patients had significantly lower plasma 25(OH)D3 levels than HIV-only patients at baseline. TB co-infection, low Karnofsky score, high viral load and high CYP3A activity as measured by plasma 4-beta hydroxycholesterol/ cholesterol ratios were significant predictors of low 25(OH) D3 levels at baseline. In HIV-only patients, initiation of efavirenz-based cART increased the prevalence of SVVD from 27% at baseline to 76%, 79% and 43% at weeks 4, 16 and 48 of cART, respectively. The median 25(OH)D3 levels declined from baseline by –40%, –50% and –14% at weeks 4, 16 and 48 of cART, respectively. In TB-HIV patients, prior TB therapy had no influence on 25(OH)D3 levels, but the initiation of efavirenz-based cART increased the prevalence of SVDD from 57% at baseline to 70% and 72% at weeks 4 and 16 of cART, respectively. Whereas the median plasma 25(OH)D3 declined from baseline by –17% and –21% at week 4 and 16 of cART, respectively. None of the genotypes were significantly associated with SVDD.

Conclusions Low plasma cholesterol, high CYP3A activity, and high plasma efavirenz concentrations are significant predictors of early efavirenz-based cART-induced SVDD. Low plasma 25(OH)D3 level at baseline is associated with TB co-infection and HIV diseases progression.

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000260.24

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